Water Resource Management

• Construction of sand dams water pans, and earth dams.
• Rainwater harvesting from roofs and catchments.
• Borehole drilling and solar-powered water pumping.
• Efficient irrigation systems such as drip irrigation.

Soil and water conservation

• Terracing and contour farming.
• Mulching to reduce evaporation.
• Planting cover crops.
• Gully rehabilitation.
• Stone bunds and check dams to reduce runoff and erosion.

Afforestation and reforestation

Activities include:

• Planting drought-tolerant species such as Acacia, Melia volkensii, and indigenous shrubs.
• Restoring degraded rangelands.
• Community-led tree nurseries.
• Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR).

These practices improve soil fertility, reduce erosion, and increase carbon storage.

Sustainable grazing management

• Rotational grazing.
• Controlled stocking rates.
• Reseeding degraded rangelands.
• Protection of grazing reserves.
• Community grazing plans. Integrated landscape management has shown improvements in rangeland health and local governance in several Kenyan ASAL counties.

Renewable energy

• Solar-powered water pumps.
• Solar lighting systems.
• Biogas for households and institutions.
• Improved cookstoves that reduce firewood consumption.

These reduce pressure on forests and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Biodiversity conservation

• Protection of wildlife corridors.
• Community conservancies.
• Restoration of wetlands and riverbanks.
• Conservation of indigenous plant species.